Extension and community development:- Unit 1 (Introduction)

Extension and community development

Unit 1

Introduction

Education

Education is the process o bringing desirable changes in human behavior or the process o

acquiring or impairing knowledge and habits through instruction and study.

In general, there are three kinds o desirable changes in human behavior. They are;

1. Change in knowledge

2. Change in attitude

3. Change in skill

1. Change in knowledge

It is the change in what people know.

Eg, to heavy application or Urea leads to excessive lodging o paddy crop. An

application o ferilize gives more yields.

2. Change in attitude

It is the change in what people think.

Eg, an application o ferilizer gives more yields. What he says or thinks or

perceives about the ferilizer.

3. Change in skill

It is the change in what people can do.

Eg:- how to apply the ferilizer in better way, how to prepare good compost.

Types or classification of Education

Education can be classified into three parts:

1. Formal education

2. In Formal education

3. Non- formal Education

1. Formal Education

Formal Education is highly institutionalize, chronological graded and hierarchically (relating to) structured formal system o teaching at institutions from primary school school to university. It is subject oriented, full-time, sequences, leading to certificates, diplomas and degrees.

2. In Formal education

The life long process by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skill,
attitudes change through day-to-day experiences and expose to the environment at any place
(home, at work, at play, From Friends, From travel) by reading (newspaper and books) or by
listening (to radio, music), by viewing (films or television), playing etc.

3. Non- formal Education

Any organized, systemic, educational activities carried on outside or inside the established

formal system o teaching at institution or a group o selected type o learning at institution or

a group o selected people with particular interest and needs is known as non- formal

education.

Characteristics o Non- formal Education

It is flexible

It is life, environment and learner oriented

It is diversified in content and method

It is not authoritarian

It is built on learner participation

It mobilizes local resources

Role of Non-formal education in Rural Development

In developing countries, majority o the people are sill living in rural area, whose main
occupation are agriculture, livestock raising, fishery, beekeeping, sericulture, carpentry forestry etc. They have very little access to the formal education provided by the public and private school, collage or universities. In order to increase the living standard o their rural people or or the development o rural area, their main occupation has to be commercialized effectively through the introduction o modern sustainable technology. This is possible only by conducing different types o Non- formal education programs at different time. Thus the Non- formal education can play a very important role in Rural Development.

Differentiate between Formal and Non-formal Education:-

1. This education is or those who come to school or

college.

1. This education is or those who don’t come to

school.

2. There is standard curriculum or course o study o

basic subject which are tough throughout country.

2. There is no standard curriculum or course o

study.

3. Learning depends on repetition and book work. 

3. Learning depends on discussion, practical

demonstration and participation by the group.

4. Teaching staff are trained and qualified or jobs at

different levels.

4. Teaching work is carried out by the people with

pro session qualification. (Agriculture, Veterinary

Science etc.) But without formal training in

education.

5. Formal examination is conducted. 

5. No any examination is conducted.

6. Students study subjects. 

6. Farmers study problems.

7. Authority rests with the teacher. 

7. Authority rests with the problem.

8. Students are younger than their teacher 

8. farmers/clients are often more mature than

extension worker and more capable o gaining a

livelihood within the limits o their environment.

9. The teacher starts with theory and works up to

practical.

9. The teacher (extension worker) starts with

practical and may take up theory later on.

10. Class attendance is compulsory. 

10. Participation is purely voluntary.

11. Fees and fees charges are taken. 

11. No fees and fine are taken.

12. It is rigid. 

12. It is flexible.

13. Admission and registration process is followed. 

13. There is no admission, but registration process

is there.